Liver function is vital in cow milk production as it involves metabolism, nutrient processes, and energy balance. Here’s how it affects milk production:

1. Refining Toxic Elements 

The liver detoxifies harmful elements like ammonia and toxins from feed that could affect metabolic functions and cow health, finally leading to reduced milk production. Liver dysfunction can compromise this detoxification process, causing low milk production.

2. Metabolism Effect 

The liver is central to the metabolism process of cows. The liver regulates glucose levels through gluconeogenesis. Adequate glucose is crucial for lactose production, which directly impacts milk yield. The liver processes amino acids and synthesizes proteins, which are essential for milk proteins. The liver also metabolizes fatty acids that are important for milk fat production. Improper fat metabolism can lead to a decrease in milk fat percentage.

5. Immunity 

The liver produces proteins involved in the immune process. The liver supports the cow’s immune system, reducing infections like mastitis, and directly affecting milk production. 

3. Balance of Energy

The liver is vital in maintaining the cow’s energy balance. During lactation, cows need significant energy to produce milk. The liver helps convert fat stores into usable energy via fat mobilization, especially in high milk-producing cows. Poor liver function can lead to energy deficits, reducing milk production.

4. Ketosis

Cows with impaired liver function are more prone to metabolic disorders such as ketosis, a condition where the liver cannot metabolize fats effectively. This leads to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood, reducing feed intake and milk yield.

In summary, optimal liver function ensures proper nutrient metabolism, energy supply, detoxification, and overall health—all of which are essential for sustaining high milk production levels in cows.