Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), commonly known as bird flu, causes illnesses in wild birds that often lead to death. In recent years, cattle have also been affected by the H5N1 virus. Besides wild birds, it has been observed in poultry, such as chickens and turkeys, in the United States since 2022.

In 2024, cows from several dairy farms tested positive for the H5N1 virus. The virus has been found in unpasteurized raw milk and secretions from infected cows.

The H5N1 virus can spread from cow to cow through shared milking equipment, especially when an infected cow is milked using the same machine as healthy cows.

Risk to Humans:

Farm workers in direct contact with cows may contract the virus, potentially through splashes into their eyes, noses, mouths, or from handling milk. However, there is no need for major concern, as the symptoms in humans are generally mild, such as fever and body aches, and full recovery is typical.

Although avian influenza severely affects birds and poultry, it doesn’t significantly harm cows. To prevent the spread, infected cows should be isolated until they test negative for the virus.

Additionally, workers handling cows should wear personal protective equipment (PPE), including N95 respirators, eye protection, gloves, footwear, fluid-resistant coveralls, head and hair covers, and waterproof aprons.

A common question arises about whether milk from infected cows is safe to drink. The answer is no if the milk is raw. However, pasteurized milk, which undergoes heat treatment, is safe, as the heat effectively kills the H5N1 virus.